Polymeric film

ABSTRACT

A polymeric film has a substrate layer having a primer layer of a polyurethane resin containing at least one ethylenically unsaturated group. The primer layer provides good adhesion to a subsequently applied release layer. The substrate is preferably a polyester film. Suitable release layers contain cured silicone resins.

This invention relates to a polymeric film, and in particular to a polymeric film having a primer layer exhibiting improved adhesion to a release layer.

Abherents or release agents are generally solid or liquid film-forming materials employed to reduce or prevent adhesion between two surfaces. They are employed in a variety of industrial processes, including metal casting, food preparation and packaging, polymer processing and paper coating, in the production of moulded resin articles, stamping foils and pressure-sensitive adhesive tapes, and in applications such as thermal transfer printing. Typical abherents include natural and synthetic waxes, metal salts of fatty acids, particularly stearic acid, and polymers, such as polyvinylalcohols, polyamides, polyolefins and silicone resins.

A release agent is conveniently employed in association with a polymeric support film. When associated with a support film a release agent must satisfy apparently conflicting criteria, by bonding firmly to the support while providing easy and complete release from an opposing surface. Silicone resins, based on a silicon-oxygen polymer backbone with pendant aliphatic or aromatic carbon side chains, have assumed importance as release agents in recent years, and generally confer good release characteristics. For example EP-323063-A discloses an oriented polymeric film having a release layer of a silicone resin and a volatile inhibitor. EP-342826-A and EP-416765-A describe a release film formed from a self-supporting polymeric film substrate and a polyurethane resin containing polydialkylsiloxane. However, with such prior art release films, the adhesion of the release layer to the film substrate can be inadequate. Furthermore, the release properties achieved are not always sufficient for all applications. Consequently there exists a commercial requirement for a polymeric film having improved adhesion to release layers, and thus to improved release films.

We have now devised a polymeric film which reduces or substantially overcomes at least one of the aforementioned problems.

Accordingly, the present invention provides a polymeric film comprising a substrate having on at least one surface thereof, a primer layer comprising a polyurethane resin comprising at least one ethylenically unsaturated group.

The invention further provides a method of producing a polymeric film which comprises forming a film substrate, applying a primer layer composition to at least one surface of the substrate, the primer layer composition comprising a polyurethane resin comprising at least one ethylenically unsaturated group, and applying heat to form a primer layer.

The invention also provides a polymeric film comprising a substrate having on at least one surface thereof, a primer layer comprising a polymer comprising at least one ethylenically unsaturated group, and a release layer on the surface of the primer layer remote from the substrate.

The substrate is preferably a polymeric film capable of independent existence in the absence of a supporting base.

The substrate to which a primer layer composition is applied to yield a polymeric film according to the invention, may be formed from any suitable film-forming, polymeric material. Thermoplastics materials are preferred, and include a homopolymer or copolymer of a 1-olefin, such as ethylene, propylene and but-1-ene, a polyamide, a polycarbonate, more preferably a polyester, and particularly a synthetic linear polyester which may be obtained by condensing one or more dicarboxylic acids or their lower alkyl (up to 6 carbon atoms) diesters, eg terephthalic acid, isophthalic acid, phthalic acid, 2,5-, 2,6- or 2,7-naphthalenedicarboxylic acid, succinic acid, sebacic acid, adipic acid, azelaic acid, 4,4'-diphenyldicarboxylic acid, hexahydro-terephthalic acid or 1,2-bis-p-carboxyphenoxyethane (optionally with a monocarboxylic acid, such as pivalic acid) with one or more glycols, particularly aliphatic glycols, eg ethylene glycol, 1,3-propanediol, 1,4-butanediol, neopentyl glycol and 1,4-cyclohexanedimethanol. A polyethylene terephthalate and/or polyethylene naphthalate film is preferred. A polyethylene terephthalate film is particularly preferred, especially such a film which has been biaxially oriented by sequential stretching in two mutually perpendicular directions, typically at a temperature in the range from 70° to 125° C., and preferably heat set, typically at a temperature in the range from 150° to 250° C., for example as described in GB-A-838708.

The substrate may also comprise a polyarylether or thio analogue thereof, particularly a polyaryletherketone, polyarylethersulphone, polyaryletheretherketone, polyaryletherethersulphone, or a copolymer or thioanalogue thereof. Examples of these polymers are disclosed in EP-A-1879, EP-A-184458 and U.S. Pat. No. 4,008,203. Blends of these polymers may also be employed. A poly p-phenylene sulphide film is also suitable.

Suitable thermoset resin substrate materials include addition-polymerisation resins, such as acrylics, vinyls, bis-maleimides and unsaturated polyesters, formaldehyde condensate resins such as condensates with urea, melamine or phenols, cyanate resins, isocyanate resins, epoxy resins, functionalised polyesters, polyamides or polyimides.

A film substrate for a polymeric film according to the invention may be unoriented or preferably oriented, for example uniaxially oriented, or more preferably biaxially oriented by drawing in two mutually perpendicular directions in the plane of the film to achieve a satisfactory combination of mechanical and physical properties. Formation of the film may be effected by any process known in the art for producing a polymeric film, for example a tubular or a flat film process.

In a tubular process simultaneous biaxial orientation may be effected by extruding a thermoplastics polymeric tube which is subsequently quenched, reheated and then expanded by internal gas pressure to induce transverse orientation, and withdrawn at a rate which will induce longitudinal orientation.

In the preferred flat film process a film-forming polymer is extruded through a slot die and rapidly quenched upon a chilled casting surface (drum) to ensure that the polymer is quenched to the amorphous state. Orientation is then effected by stretching the quenched extrudate in at least one direction at a temperature above the glass transition temperature of the polymer. Sequential orientation may be effected by stretching a flat, quenched extrudate firstly in one direction, usually the longitudinal direction, ie the forward direction through the film stretching machine, and then in the transverse direction. Forward stretching of the extrudate is conventionally effected over a set of rotating rolls or between two pairs of nip rolls, transverse stretching then being effected in a stenter apparatus. Stretching is effected to an extent determined by the nature of the film-forming polymer, for example a polyester is usually stretched so that the dimension of the oriented polyester film is from 2.5 to 4.5 its original dimension in the, or each, direction of stretching.

A stretched film may be, and preferably is, dimensionally stabilised by heat-setting under dimensional restraint at a temperature above the glass transition temperature of the film-forming polymer but below the melting temperature thereof, to induce crystallisation of the polymer.

In one embodiment of the invention the polymeric film is transparent, exhibiting high optical clarity and low haze, preferably having a wide angle haze, being measured according to the standard ASTM D 1003-61, of <8%, more preferably <6%, particularly <5%, and especially <3%, preferably for a 75 μm thick film. The aforementioned optical characteristics can be suitably achieved by having little or no particulate additive present in the substrate. The substrate may contain relatively small quantities of filler material, for example in the range from 5 to 3000 ppm, preferably 50 to 2000 ppm, and more preferably 100 to 1000 ppm. Suitable fillers include inorganic materials such as silica, china clay, calcium carbonate, and organic materials such as silicone resin particles. Spherical monodisperse fillers are preferred. The substrate may contain filler due to the normal practice of using reclaimed film in the film manufacturing process.

However, in an alternative embodiment of the invention the polymeric film is opaque, which is defined as a film exhibiting a Transmission Optical Density (Sakura Densitometer; type PDA 65; transmission mode) of from 0.75 to 1.75, and particularly of from 1.2 to 1.5, preferably for a 150 μm thick film. The polymeric film is conveniently rendered opaque by incorporating into the synthetic polymer of the substrate layer, an effective amount of an opacifying agent. However, in a preferred embodiment of the invention the opaque substrate layer is voided, ie comprises a cellular structure containing at least a proportion of discrete, closed cells. It is therefore preferred to incorporate into the substrate polymer an effective amount of an agent which is capable of generating an opaque, voided substrate layer structure. Suitable voiding agents, which also confer opacity, include an incompatible resin filler, a particulate inorganic filler or a mixture of two or more such fillers.

By an "incompatible resin" is meant a resin which either does not melt, or which is substantially immiscible with the substrate polymer, at the highest temperature encountered during extrusion and fabrication of the layer. Such resins include polyamides and olefin polymers, particularly a homo- or co-polymer of a mono-alpha-olefin containing up to 6 carbon atoms in its molecule, for incorporation into polyester films, or polyesters of the kind hereinbefore described for incorporation into polyolefin films.

Particulate inorganic fillers suitable for generating an opaque, voided substrate layer include conventional inorganic pigments and fillers, and particularly metal or metalloid oxides, such as alumina, silica and titania, and alkaline metal salts, such as the carbonates and sulphates of calcium and barium. Barium sulphate is a particularly preferred filler which also functions as a voiding agent.

Non-voiding particulate inorganic fillers may also be added to the film-forming polymeric substrate layer.

Suitable voiding and/or non-voiding fillers may be homogeneous and consist essentially of a single filler material or compound, such as titanium dioxide or barium sulphate alone. Alternatively, at least a proportion of the filler may be heterogeneous, the primary filler material being associated with an additional modifying component. For example, the primary filler particle may be treated with a surface modifier, such as a pigment, soap, surfactant coupling agent or other modifier to promote or alter the degree to which the filler is compatible with the substrate polymer.

Production of a substrate layer having satisfactory degrees of opacity and preferably voiding requires that the filler should be finely-divided, and the average particle size thereof is preferably in the range from 0.1 to 10 μm, more preferably 0.15 to 3 μm, and particularly 0.2 to 0.75 μm.

Incorporation of the opacifying/voiding agent into the substrate layer polymer may be effected by conventional techniques, for example by mixing with the monomeric reactants from which the polymer is derived, by dry blending with the polymer in granular or chip form prior to formation of a film therefrom, or by using masterbatching technology.

The amount of filler, particularly of barium sulphate, incorporated into the substrate layer polymer is preferably in the range from 5 to 50 weight %, relative to the weight of the polymer. Particularly satisfactory levels of opacity and gloss are achieved when the concentration of filler is in the range from 8 to 30, more preferably 15 to 20 weight %, relative to the weight of the substrate layer polymer.

The primer layer composition, and subsequent primer layer, comprises at least one polyurethane resin comprising at least one monomer which, in the polymerised state, comprises at least one ethylenically unsaturated group, preferably a vinyl group. The use of the word "polyurethane" is intended to cover materials which may be regarded as urethane oligomers, which only form "true" polymers when cured. The molecular weight of the polyurethane resin in the primer layer composition is preferably in the range from 4,000 to 100,000, more preferably 5,000 to 50,000, and particularly 6,000 to 20,000.

The polyurethane resin preferably contains little or no silicone material, and more preferably is the reaction product of, inter alia, an organic polyisocyanate, a polymeric polyol and an ethylenically unsaturated monomer, which when polymerised, contains an ethylenically unsaturated group.

The organic polyisocyanate component of the polyurethane resin may be an aliphatic, cycloaliphatic, araliphatic or aromatic polyisocyanate. Examples of suitable polyisocyanates include ethylene diisocyanate, 1,6-hexamethylene diisocyanate, isophorone diisocyanate, cyclohexane-1,4-diisocyanate, 4-4'-dicyclohexylmethane diisocyanate, p-xylylene diisocyanate, 1,4-phenylene diisocyanate, 2,4-toluene diisocyanate, 2,6-toluene diisocyanate, 4,4'-diphenylmethane diisocyanate, 2,4'-diphenylmethane diisocyanate, polymethylene polyphenyl polyisocyanates and 1,5-naphthylene diisocyanate. Mixtures of polyisocyanates may be used and also polyisocyanates which have been modified by the introduction of urethane, allophanate, urea, biuret, carbodiimide, uretonimine or isocyanurate residues.

The polymeric polyol component of the polyurethane resin may be a member of any of the chemical classes of polymeric polyols used or proposed to be used in polyurethane formulations. For example, the polymeric polyol may be a polyester, polyesteramide, polyether, polythioether, polyacetal, polyolefin, or polycarbonate. A polyester, particularly an aromatic polyester, is preferred. The molecular weight of the polymeric polyol is preferably in the range from 700 to 3000.

The ethylenically unsaturated monomer component of the polyurethane resin is preferably an acrylate monomer such as a hydroxyalkyl acrylate and/or methacrylate, eg 2-hydroxyethyl and/or 2-hydroxypropyl acrylate and/or methacrylate; or particularly an epoxy-containing acrylate such as glycidyl acrylate, glycidyl methacrylate and/or allyl glycidyl ether.

If desired, a catalyst for urethane formation, such as dibutyltin dilaurate and/or stannous octoate may be used to assist formation of the polyurethane resin, and a non-reactive solvent may be added before or after formation of the medium to control viscosity. Suitable non-reactive solvents which may be used include acetone, methylethylketone, dimethylformamide, ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate, diglyme, N-methylpyrrolidone, ethyl acetate, ethylene and propylene glycol diacetates, alkyl ethers of ethylene and propylene glycol monoacetates, toluene, xylene and sterically hindered alcohols such as t-butanol and diacetone alcohol. The preferred solvents are water-miscible solvents such as N-methylpyrrolidone, dimethyl sulphoxide and dialkyl ethers of glycol acetates or mixtures of N-methylpyrrolidone and methyl ethyl ketone.

A polyfunctional active hydrogen-containing chain extender may be employed, is preferably water-soluble, and water itself may be effective. Other suitable extenders include a polyol, an amino alcohol, ammonia, a carboxylic acid, a primary or secondary aliphatic, allcyclic, aromatic, araliphatic or heterocyclic amine especially a diamine, hydrazine or a substituted hydrazine.

Examples of suitable chain extenders useful herein include dimethylolpropionic acid, ethylene aliamine, diethylene triamine, triethylene tetramine, propylene aliamine, butylene aliamine, hexamethylene diamine, cyclohexylene diamine, piperazine, 2-methyl piperazine, phenylene aliamine, tolylene aliamine, xylylene diamine, tris (2-aminoethyl) amine, 3,3'-dinitrobenzidine, 4,4'-methylenebis(2-chloroaniline), 3,3'-dichloro-4,4'-bi-phenyl diamine, 2,6-diaminopyridine, 4,4'-diaminodiphenylmethane, methane diamine, m-xylene diamine, isophorone diamine, and adducts of diethylene triamine with acrylate or its hydrolysed products. Also materials such as hydrazine, azines such as acetone azine, substituted hydrazines such as, for example, dimethyl hydrazine, 1,6-hexamethylene-bis-hydrazine, carbodihydrazine, hydrazides of dicarboxylic acids and sulfonic acids such as adipic acid mono- or dihydrazide, oxalic acid dihydrazide, isophthalic acid dihydrazide, tartaric acid dihydrazide, 1,3-phenylene disulfonic acid dihydrazide, omega-amino-caproic acid dihydrazide, hydrazides made by reacting lactones with hydrazines such as gamma-hydroxylbutyric hydrazide, bis-semi-carbazide, bis-hydrazide carbonic esters of glycols such as any of the glycols mentioned above.

Where the chain extender is other than water, for example a carboxylic acid, aliamine or hydrazine, it may be added to the aqueous dispersion of polyurethane resin or, alternatively, it may already be present in the aqueous medium when the resin is dispersed therein.

The amount of polyurethane comprising at least one ethylenically unsaturated group, present in the primer layer is preferably greater than 50, more preferably in the range from 60 to 99, particularly 70 to 97, and especially 85 to 95 weight %, relative to the total weight of the layer.

In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the primer layer coating composition additionally comprises a, preferably low molecular weight, more preferably non-silicone containing, cross-linking agent. The cress-linking agent is suitably an organic material, preferably a monomeric and/or oligomeric species, and particularly monomeric, prior to formation of the primer layer. The molecular weight of the cross-linking agent is preferably less than 2000, more preferably less than 1500, especially less than 1000, and particularly in the range from 250 to 500. Suitable cross-linking agents may comprise alkyd resins, amine derivatives such as hexamethoxymethyl melamine, and/or condensation products of an amine, eg melamine, diazine, urea, cyclic ethylene urea, cyclic propylene urea, thiourea, cyclic ethylene thiourea, aziridines, alkyl melamines, aryl melamines, benzo guanamines, guanamines, alkyl guanamines and aryl guanamines, with an aldehyde, eg formaldehyde. A preferred cross-linking agent is the condensation product of melamine with formaldehyde. The condensation product may optionally be alkoxylated. A catalyst is also preferably employed to facilitate cross-linking action of the cross-linking agent. Preferred catalysts for cross-linking melamine formaldehyde include ammonium chloride, ammonium nitrate, ammonium thiocyanate, ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, diammonium hydrogen phosphate, para toluene sulphonic acid, sulphuric acid, maleic acid stabilised by reaction with a base, ammonium para toluene sulphonate and morpholinium para toluene sulphonate.

The cross-linking agent preferably exhibits at least trifunctionality (ie three functional groups) to promote inter-molecular cross-linking with the functional groups present in the primer layer polyurethane, and to improve adhesion of the primer layer to the surface of the underlying substrate layer.

The amount of cross-linking agent present in the primer layer is preferably in the range from 1 to 40, more preferably 3 to 30, and particularly 5 to 15 weight %, relative to the total weight of the layer.

Thus, in a preferred embodiment of the invention the primer layer is cross-linked, ie contains cured polyurethane, whilst still comprising ethylenically unsaturated groups.

In one embodiment of the invention, the primer layer composition, and subsequent primer layer, additional comprises at least one other polymeric material, preferably comprising ethylenically unsaturated groups. Suitable other polymeric materials include unsaturated polyesters, epoxy-acrylate resins, functionalised polyolefins such as maleinised polybutadiene, polybutadiene and butadiene copolymers such as styrene/butadiene copolymers. Styrene/butadiene copolymers are preferred particularly carboxy modified styrene/butadiene copolymers. The amount of other polymer present in the primer layer is preferably in the range from 0 to 40, more preferably 5 to 30, and particularly 10 to 20 weight %, relative to the total weight of the layer.

If desired, the primer layer composition may additionally comprise a surfactant to promote spreading thereof when applied to a film substrate.

The primer layer composition, preferably in the form of an aqueous dispersion, may be applied to the substrate film surface by conventional coating techniques. The applied medium, generally having a solids content in the range from 0.3 to 20, preferably 0.5 to 10, and particularly 1 to 3 weight %, is subsequently dried to remove the dispersant and also to effect preferred cross-linking of the layer. Drying may be effected by conventional techniques, for example by passing the coated film through a hot air oven. Drying may be effected during normal post-formation film-treatments, such as heat-setting.

The primer layer composition may be applied to an already oriented film substrate. However, application of the coating medium is preferably effected before or during any stretching operation. In particular, it is preferred according to this invention that the primer layer composition should be applied to the film between the two stages (longitudinal and transverse) of a biaxial stretching operation. Such a sequence of stretching and coating is especially preferred for the production of linear polyester films, such as polyethylene terephthalate films, which are preferably firstly stretched in the longitudinal direction over a series of rotating rollers, coated with the primer layer composition and then stretched transversely in a stenter oven, preferably followed by heat-setting.

A wide range of release materials may be applied to the surface of the primer layer, remote from the substrate, to form a release layer. The release layer preferably comprises silicone release material, which may be applied as a solid, or as an organic solvent and/or aqueous based release composition. The release composition preferably comprises curable silicone resin, which may be cured by visible, ultra-violet, or electron beam radiation, by heat, and/or by the use of a catalyst.

The preferred curable silicone resin component of the release composition preferably comprises polysiloxane, more preferably polydialkylsiloxane, and may be, for example a silanol and/or hydrogen terminated and/or in-chain polydialkylsiloxane, preferably terminated polydimethylsiloxane, or an organomodified siloxane comprising a terminal functional group such as a reactive vinyl, hexenyl, hydrogen, and/or hydroxyl group.

Cross-linking of the silicone resin may occur by the condensation cure reaction between Si--OH and Si--H groups, preferably in the presence of an organotin or organozinc catalyst, or in the preferred route, by the addition cure reaction between Si-vinyl (ie --CH═CH₂) and Si--H groups, preferably in the presence of a platinum complex catalyst. The aforementioned different reactive groups may be present on the same silicone chain, prior to cross-linking, ie the cross-linking reaction involves both intra- and inter-chain silicone reactions. In a preferred embodiment of the invention the different reactive groups are present on different silicone chains, ie the cross-linking reaction primarily involves inter-chain silicone reactions. In a particularly preferred embodiment of the invention, the release composition comprises a relatively high molecular weight silicone, preferably polydimethylsiloxane, polymer containing vinyl groups, preferably of 50 to 800, more preferably 80 to 400, and particularly 100 to 200 monomer units; and a relatively low molecular weight Si--H containing silicone polymer, preferably of 5 to 40, more preferably 5 to 30, and particularly 5 to 20 monomer units. The ratio of high to low molecular weight silicone polymers present in the release composition is preferably such that the ratio of vinyl groups to Si--H groups is in the range from 0.2 to 5:1, more preferably 0.4 to 2.5:1, and particularly 0.6 to 1.5:1.

In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the preferred silicone resin component of the release layer reacts chemically with the primer layer, preferably forming cross-links by means of the ethylenically unsaturated groups present in the polyurethane, reacting with functional groups, preferably Si--H, present on the silicone resin.

The release composition, preferably in the form of an aqueous dispersion, may be applied on to the surface of a primer layer coated polymeric film according to the invention by conventional coating techniques. The applied medium, generally having a solids content in the range from 1 to 20, preferably 1.5 to 10, and particularly 2 to 5 weight %, is subsequently dried to remove the dispersant and also to effect preferred cross-linking of the layer. Drying may be effected by conventional techniques, for example by passing the coated film through a hot air oven at a temperature in the range from 50° to 220° C.

The reverse surface of a polymeric film according to the invention, ie remote from the primer or release layer, may be untreated or may have thereon a functional layer, such as the primer layer described herein or an alternative primer layer, a sealable layer, or an antistatic layer.

The polymeric films of the invention may conveniently contain any of the agents conventionally employed in the manufacture of polymeric films. Thus, agents such as dyes, pigments, lubricants, anti-oxidants, antistatic agents, surface active agents, gloss-improvers, prodegradants, fire-retardants, and ultra-violet light stabilisers may be incorporated in the substrate and/or primer layer and/or release layer, as appropriate.

The polymeric films may vary in thickness depending on the intended application, but preferably have a total thickness in the range from 5 to 350, more preferably 10 to 200 μm, and particularly 50 to 150 μm. The dry thickness of the primer layer is desirably within a range of from 0.002 to 10, preferably 0.005 to 1 μm, and more preferably 0.01 to 0.1 μm. The dry thickness of the release layer is preferably within a range of from 0.01 to 20, and more preferably 0.02 to 2 μm.

The primer layers described herein have excellent adherence to the underlying substrate, and to overlying release layers, which provide low coefficients of friction, good wear resistance, and offer effective release from adhesives.

Release films according to the invention are of general applicability and may be employed, inter alia, in the production of moulded articles from curable resins, as release tapes, for example for asphalt roofing materials, as labels, as thermal transfer printing donor, or preferably receiver, sheets, and as release materials in the electronics and printing industries.

The invention is illustrated by reference to the accompanying drawings in which:

FIG. 1 is a schematic sectional elevation, not to scale, of a polymeric film having a primer layer bonded to a substrate layer.

FIG. 2 is a similar schematic elevation of a polymeric film with an additional release layer on top of the primer layer.

Referring to FIG. 1 of the drawings, the film comprises a polymeric substrate layer (1) having a primer layer (2) bonded to one surface (3) of the substrate.

The film of FIG. 2 additionally comprises a release layer (4) bonded to the surface (5) of the primer layer (2).

The invention is further illustrated by reference to the following examples.

EXAMPLE 1

A molten web of polyethylene terephthalate was extruded in a conventional manner from a slot die on to the polished surface of a cooled rotating drum upon which the web was quenched to below the glass transition temperature of the polymer to provide an amorphous film. The quenched film was then reheated and drawn about 3.5 times its original length in the longitudinal direction at a temperature of about 80° C. The monoaxially oriented polyethylene terephthalate substrate film was coated on one side with a primer layer coating composition comprising the following ingredients:

    ______________________________________                                         Neorad R-440            68       ml                                            (40% w/w aqueous dispersion of polyurethane                                    acrylate, supplied by Zeneca Resins)                                           Cymel 350               27       ml                                            (10% w/w aqueous solution of                                                   melamine formaldehyde)                                                         Ammonium nitrate        3        ml                                            (10% w/w aqueous solution)                                                     Synperonic NP10         8        ml                                            (10% w/w aqueous solution of nonyl phenol                                      ethoxylate, supplied by ICI)                                                   Demineralised water     2394     ml                                            ______________________________________                                    

The coated film was passed into a stenter oven, where the film was stretched in the sideways direction to approximately 3.5 times its original dimensions. The coated biaxially stretched film was heat set at a temperature of about 220° C. by conventional means. Final film thickness was 75 μm. The dry coat weight of the primer layer was approximately 0.16 mgdm⁻², and the thickness of the primer layer was approximately 0.016 μm.

The surface of the primer layer was coated, using a No 3 Meyer bar, with a release composition comprising the following ingredients:

    ______________________________________                                         Syloff 7198               200     ml                                           (40% w/w aqueous dispersion of high molecular                                  weight silicon polymer containing Si-vinyl groups,                             and low molecular weight silicone polymer                                      containing Si--H groups, supplied by Dow Corning)                              Syloff 7199               200     ml                                           (40% w/w aqueous dispersion of high molecular                                  weight silicone containing Si-vinyl groups,                                    and platinum complex catalyst,                                                 supplied by Dow Corning)                                                       Synperonic NP10           50      ml                                           (10% w/w aqueous solution of nonyl phenol                                      ethoxylate, supplied by ICI)                                                   Demineralised water       2050    ml                                           ______________________________________                                    

The release layer coated film was dried in an oven at 150° C.

"Permacel J-LAR" adhesive tape was pressed, by using a thumb, on to the surface of the release layer using uniform pressure. The degree of release was measured by peeling apart each sample using an `Instron` A0533 Tensometer at a peel speed of 200 mm min⁻¹. The peeled off adhesive tape was then pressed on to a new sheet of uncoated polyethylene terephthalate film and the degree of release measured again. Low release values in the second release (or transfer) test is an indication of unwanted loss of the release layer from the release film to the adhesive tape during the first release test.

The results are given in Table 1.

EXAMPLE 2

This is a comparative Example not according to the invention.

The procedure of Example 1 was repeated except that the release composition was applied to an uncoated polyethylene terephthalate film, ie no primer layer was used. The results are given in Table 1.

                  TABLE 1                                                          ______________________________________                                                      Peel Strength                                                                  (g/25 mm (Nm-1))                                                  Example        Release Test                                                                             Transfer Test                                         ______________________________________                                         1              7 (3)     610 (240)                                             2 (comparative)                                                                               5 (2)     8 (3)                                                 ______________________________________                                    

EXAMPLE 3

The procedure of Example 1 was repeated except that the release composition comprised a 3% w/w in toluene of silicone material SD7333 (Dow Corning) together with SRX212 (Dow Corning) platinum catalyst (1% by weight relative to the silicone). The release layer was cured by heating at 120° C. for 30 seconds. The film was stored at 25° C., 60% relative humidity for 1 month and then subjected to a "rubbing off" test, whereby a finger was uniformly rubbed 10 times over the surface of the release layer. There was no indication of any removal of the release layer (tested by overwriting the rubbed area with a marker pen).

EXAMPLE 4

The procedure of Example 3 was repeated except that the release composition comprised silicone material SD7229 (Dow Corning) instead of SD7333. There was no indication of any removal of the release layer in the rubbing off test.

EXAMPLE 5

This is a comparative Example not according to the invention.

The procedure of Example 3 was repeated except that the release composition was applied to an uncoated polyethylene terephthalate film, ie no primer layer was used. Significant amounts of the release layer were removed in the rubbing off test (shown by ink from the marker pen adhering to the rubbed area).

The above results illustrate that the primer layer according to the present invention provides improved adhesion to the release layer, which exhibits good release properties. 

We claim:
 1. A polymeric film comprising a substrate having on at least one surface thereof, a primer layer comprising a polyurethane resin which is the reaction product of, inter alia, an organic polyisocyanate, a polymeric polyl and an ethylenically unsaturated monomer.
 2. A polymeric film according to claim 1 wherein the ethylenically unsaturated monomer is an acrylic or methacrylic monomer.
 3. A polymeric film according to claim 2 wherein the acrylic or methacrylic monomer has an epoxy group.
 4. A polymeric film according to claim 1 wherein the polymeric polyol is a polyester.
 5. A polymeric film according to claim 4 wherein the polyester has a molecular weight in the range of from 700 to 3,000.
 6. A polymeric film according to claim 1 wherein the primer layer comprises greater than 50 weight % of polyurethane resin, relative to the total weight of the layer.
 7. A polymeric film according to claim 6 wherein the polyurethane resin is present in an amount of from 85 to 95 weight %.
 8. A polymeric film according to claim 1 wherein the primer layer additionally comprises a cross-linking agent.
 9. A polymeric film according to claim 8 wherein the cross-linking agent is the condensation product of melamine with formaldehyde.
 10. A polymeric film according to claim 8 wherein the primer layer comprises in the range from 1 to 40 weight % of cross-linking agent, relative to the total weight of the layer.
 11. A polymeric film according to claim 10 wherein the cross-linking agent is present in an amount of from 5 to 15 weight %.
 12. A method of producing a polymeric film which comprises forming a film substrate, applying a primer layer composition to at least one surface of the substrate, the primer layer composition comprising a polyurethane resin which is the reaction product of, inter alia, an organic polyisocyanate, a polymeric polyol and an ethylenically unsaturated monomer, and applying heat to form a primer layer.
 13. A method according to claim 12 which further comprises applying a release layer onto the surface of the primer layer remote from the substrate.
 14. A polymeric film comprising a substrate having on at least one surface thereof, a primer layer comprising a polyurethane resin which is the reaction product of, inter alia, an organic polyisocyanate, a polymeric polyol and an ethylencially unsaturated monomer, and a release layer on the surface of the primer layer remote from the substrate.
 15. A polymeric film according to claim 14 wherein the release layer comprises cured silicone resin.
 16. A polymeric film according to claim 15 wherein the cured silicone resin comprises cross-links formed by the reaction between Si-vinyl and Si--H groups.
 17. A polymeric film according to claim 16 wherein the silicone resin is a polydialkylsiloxane. 